Thomas Pringle, bekende skrywer, digter en teenstander van slawerny, is in 1789 gebore in ‘n klein dorpie vier myl buite Kelso, Skotland, naby die Engelse grens. Hy is vanaf baba-dae sieklik, maar ervaar gelukkige kinderjare op die familieplaas, omring deur ‘n liefdevolle gesin. Hy woon Kelso Grammar School by, en studeer aan die Universiteit van Edinburg. Hier ontwikkel hy ‘n talent vir skryf, maar verlaat die universiteit voor hy sy graad kon klaarmaak. Hy het geen kwalifikasies of beroep nie, en spandeer die volgende agt jaar as ‘n klerk wat antieke dokumente kopieer.
Thomas Pringle, toegeskryf aan James Struthers Stewart
Na die Napoleontiese Oorloë is daar ‘n grootskaalse ekonomiese depressie en Pringle sukkel om ‘n bestaan te maak. Hy oortuig 25 mense, hoofsaaklik familielede, om na die Kaapkolonie te emigreer – die Britse regering help Britse burgers in 1820 om verniet na die Kaap te reis en hul daar te vestig in ‘n poging om finansiële druk te verlig. Pringle, leier van die enigste Skotse setlaars groep, en sy reisgenote vestig hulself aan die afgeleë Baviaansrivier, 30 myl buite Cradock. Twee jaar later trek hy Kaapstad toe waar hy en ‘n universiteitsvriend, John Fairbairn, ‘n suksesvolle “klassieke en kommersiële” akademie stig asook die eerste onafhanklike koerant, die South African Journal.
Die Pringle familieplaas, ‘Eildon’ in die Baviaansriviervallei (Thomas Baines)
Pringle en Fairbairn lewer vrylik kritiek teen die koloniale regering wat daartoe lei dat Lord Charles Somerset hulle dwing om die akademie sowel as hul koerant toe te maak. Sonder ‘n inkomste, en met skuld, kies Pringle om terug te keer en in Londen te bly. Hier word hy later aangestel as die sekretaris van die “Anti-Slavery Society”. Hy is egter steeds betrokke by die liberale stryd aan die Kaap. Nadat Somerset bedank as goewerneur teken Pringle protes aan teen die Afrikaners en die Britse setlaars se onderdrukking van die inheemse volke in die Kaapkolonie en die Xhosa wat buite die kolonie se grense woon.
In Suid-Afrika word hy beskou as ‘n kontroversiële figuur: hy word geprys as voorstander vir persvryheid maar word sleg gesê vir sy stryd vir die regte van inheemse mense. Beide die landelike Afrikaners en die Britse setlaars spreek hulself uit teen Pringle, ten spyte van die feit dat hy vir hulle opgekom het teen ‘n nalatige en onsimpatieke koloniale regering.
Pringle se “beehive hut” (Plaat gegraveer deur James S Stewart)
Pringle is bekend as ‘die vader van Engelse digkuns’ in Suid-Afrika, as leier van die enigste Skotse setlaars geselskap in 1820 en ook as ‘n voorstander van persvryheid. Die afskaffing van slawerny in die Britse Ryk tree in Augustus 1834 in werking maar teen dié tyd het sy gesondheid reeds verswak, waarskynlik weens tering. Pogings word aangewend om Pringle terug te bring na die son en droë lug van die Kaapkolonie, maar sy en sy vrou se kaartjies is op die nippertjie gekanselleer. Vier weke later sterf hy op die ouderdom van 45, slegs maande na die afskaffing van slawerny.
Die volume bevat 223 briewe wat ‘n op ‘n lewendige en simpatieke manier lig werp op die karakter van Pringle asook die redes vir sy optredes en denkwyse.
Klik hier om die addisionele briewe, wat nie in hierdie volume opgeneem is nie, te lees.
UITTREKSEL UIT DIE TEKS
Henry Ellis
Bavian’s River, 18 July 1820
Sir
I arrived here about three weeks ago with my party, and was located on the 1st instant by Captain Harding Deputy Landdrost of Cradock. I have now thoroughly examined our situation and its capabilities, and tho’ it is in many respects very different from what I and my friends had anticipated, yet we are on the whole sufficiently satisfied with our position – or at all events with the kind intentions of the Colonial Authorities in sending us hither. We labour however under some peculiar disadvantages, which probably His Excellency the Governor and yourself were not fully aware of when I had the honour of seeing you at Port Elizabeth, and which I therefore beg leave now to explain to you.
We are placed at the very head of the Bavian’s River about 50 miles from Roode Wall. On three sides of us are wild and barren mountains, inaccessible by wagons, and uninhabitable unless by wild beasts and savages: on the fourth the road down the river forms our sole channel of communication with the habitable parts of the Colony. This road is however so exceedingly bad that we took no less than five days to travel up with our baggage from Field Cornet Opperman’s – a distance of about 28 English miles, and the first wagon sent with provisions for us from Somerset was overturned in the river and a great part of the load lost or damaged. The Dep. Landdrost promised to issue orders for the repairing of the road as far as the inhabitants extend upwards (about one half of the way), but no repairs by the inhabitants can be effectual on a route like this which must unavoidably be led along narrow defiles and rocky chasms and which crosses the channel of the Bavian’s River no less than twenty seven times – so that every flood washes down the drifts and renders new ones necessary. This being our only road to market it is evidently out of the question to think of raising grain for sale as was originally our design. We must necessarily restrict our agricultural operations to what will repay us – and perhaps only cultivate corn for our own subsistence. Some articles perhaps such as tobacco and hemp may be carried to market on pack oxen. But our chief dependence must I suspect be our cattle and sheep, although for grazing farms our allotment I fear will prove rather limited.
Redigering en voorwoord deur Randolph Vigne
Rudolph Vigne is gebore in Kimberley in 1928 en het groot geword in Port Elizabeth waar hy in 1941 by die Van Riebeeck Vereniging aansluit. Hy voltooi sy skoolloopbaan aan St. Andrew’s-kollege in Grahamstad en studeer verder aan Wadham Kollege, Oxford. Hierna begin hy sy loopbaan as Engelse redakteur by Maskew Millers in Kaapstad. In 1964 verhuis hy na Engeland waar hy steeds in die opvoedkundige uitgewery werksaam is. Hy doen baie navorsing oor suidelike Afrika en Europese geskiedenis en skryf en publiseer verskeie boeke, onder andere Guillaume Chenu de Chalezac, the ‘French boy’ at the Cape of Good Hope (VRS 2de reeks, No. 22, 1993) en Liberals against Apartheid: The History of the Liberal Party of South Africa (Macmillan, 1997). Hy is ‘n genoot van die Society of Antiquaries of London en word in 2010 deur die President van Suid-Afrika vereer met die Orde van Luthuli.